Step 4
Chapter 1
The first
thing I realised when I began reading this chapter is that there will be no
easy answers that will be handed to me. The first section poses the question
"what is accounting"? It then proceeds to provide examples of what it
may be, but mostly what it is not. I at first resented this, I had grown used
to the answer provided for me and examples of how it worked. Simple. This is a
new style of text for me that attempts to connect on a more personal level and
seems to attempt to guide you into finding the correct answer for yourself.
The
chapter did a great job in getting me to think on how broad and large a scope
accounting is relevant and utilised. Listing off a large number of business in
the writers local area, and advising that accountants would be needed to manage
the transactions and finances of each one. It also got me thinking that due to
this, money can be traced everywhere and is involved in everything and what an
advantage being able to interpret the statements of these businesses can be. I
may be digressing from the main point, but it poses the question for me. If we
followed just how much money is being spent in each business and compared it to
the average wage of the populace of the town, could we figure out which
business is in the most demand? Why is this so? And how can I or someone else
replicate it to take advantage?
It was
the first time reading about the different business types. I had naturally
assumed that small businesses are sole traders or partnerships. I have
experience with the company type as I currently work with one. With a number of
directors who run day to day aspect, and shareholders. The trust is a new one
for me however. I knew that trusts can be set up for an individual's finance
but not in a company dynamic.
The
history of accounting was an interesting touch. This along with the analogy
with the typewriters. I believe we shouldn't forget where our knowledge came
from, otherwise it loses it's importance and we would do it differently,
perhaps wrong. However, the leading up to the double-entry accounting was a
little long. Don't get me wrong it was a good read, but whilst reading it I was
getting a little impatient for the point to be made.
The
journals and ledges section was more straight ford and more what I was used to,
clearly explaining that journals are filled with the transactions as they occur
at that point in time and ledgers are that information but re-organised into
separate accounts. I found it very well explained and easy to understand.
I did
have a bit more difficulty understanding the trial balance stage. This is new
to me and feels a little intimidating. Basically as I understand it, debit
means to take away from one account and credit is to give to another. For
example, in my bank account when I pay for something with my bank card, it will
be marked as a negative in my left (debit) Column and when I get paid it will
show in the right (credit) column, the next line will be my balance. I once
thought someone had stolen from me, as the debit column had not yet been
updated with my latest purchase.
I'm not
sure that I like the idea of proprietorship. Specifically how a company has a
separate legal identity to their owners. This section emphasises how firm has a
'two-sided' nature to all transactions of the firm, due to the fact that all
transactions with the firm affects the wealth of both the firm and the owner.
As the owner's wealth is effected directly by the actions of their firm,
shouldn't they be equally responsible for these positive or negative actions?
They may not have direct control but they must have some weight.
I found
the fundamental accounting equation easy to understand, but only after I finished
reading most of the chapter and read more about each variable of the equation.
Equity, Assets and liability. I found myself having to scroll up and down the
pdf to figure out how they relate.
After
reading the extended accounting equation I feel excited to apply it my own
company to understand more on it's changes over time. I do still feel as though
it is a bit over my head though as I am still getting to know my financial
statements.
Questions
- By looking at the financials
of your chosen firm are you able to get an idea of how well their
competitors are doing and the effect that their competition has on your
firm?
- The question that is central
to the writing, and perhaps this course is "whether accounting
information can help, or perhaps hinder, us to better engage with and
understand what is really going on in a firm". I have heard this a
number of times over the last few weeks, and it still seems that the
second part is a little redundant. How would accounting hinder our
understanding on what is going on in a firm? Surely more detailed
knowledge of what parts of the business is profitable or bleeding money
can be beneficial. Perhaps by focusing too much on the numbers, we get
blinded to the future intentions
and goals of the company? Such as invest and spend now and make more
later.
- What type of person would be
a benefactor for a trust business? Someone who invested the money to start
the business? Someone who had originally started the company and decided
to step back and let someone else run it on their behalf?
- How large a company would
require the full time services of an account? The Brisbane office of my company that I
currently work at, generates not an enormous amount of money annually but
still significant, but still only requires one account who works from
9am-2pm.
- What accounting software package
is best used for a firm depending on size and nature of the company?
Currently my work uses Xero.
- Still not sure why
double-entry accounting is an historical 'accident'. Is it because it has
been developed over the course of history and fell into being the tried
and true way of doing things?
- What other ways can someone
detect errors in their accounts, other than the trial balance stage?
- Is equity owner another word
for shareholders?
Chapter 3
I found
the beginning of this chapter quite amusing, but also very relevant. The party
scenario, about meeting people for the first time can be intimidating and a
little scary was exactly how I felt when I first looked at my company's
financial statements. I didn't know anything about them and I was afraid of
looking stupid in front of my peers when I posted step 2 of the assessment. But
just like people, I have been getting to know these statements more in-depth.
On the
flip side though, this chapter was far more direct and to the point, than
chapter one. Analogies like the one just mentioned where used, but to a less
extent. I believe this is because there is more content to cover and less
emphasis on getting our heads around the idea of accounting.
It was
beneficial for me to read about the financial statements, after learning about
my company and going over my own firm statements. I found it a wise move for
our coordinator to have us get to know our firms statements a bit then to flesh
out more details of them with this chapter. I find this is how I best learn.
Repetition. By going over this chapter a second time, before and after I looked
at my firm, I found myself noticing that some of my KCQ's from step 2 where
already answered from the chapter. For example, my question of the meaning of
the term goodwill, was answered when the chapter mentions foot notes in the
annual statement further on, which provided the answer.
I found
it very helpful when the writer is explaining the workings of the statements he
encourages you to open your own company statements and take you through it in a
detailed way. The general layout of the statement of changes in equity, the
opening equity; the profit (or loss) and explaining the meaning of other
comprehensive income. I feel as though this plays into my active, learn by
doing style.
The trust
relationship in business section was interesting. Every now and then at my work
we will receive requests from banks who are red flagged. These are other banks
that we will not take work from under any circumstances, even when they are an
additional party to a trusted client, who requested our services. When I ask
why they are red flagged the answer always is that these firms did not pay
their 'debit' in time.
The
second half of the chapter also peaked my interest, as I have often wondered
when I went over my statements, how I could potentially make sense of it and
compare it to the previous years. Comparing the numbers with ratios seemed like
the most straight ford way.
Dividends
and cash flow blew right past me to be honest. I will need more time to get to
know these tools. I expect that it will become much clearer, like most study
does when I compare it and work with it in a more practical manner with my
company.
Questions
- How much of the expenses in
the income statements can a firm not reveal or keep hidden? The chapter
states that they are not required to disclose this, but there must be a
point where it would shake the confidence of their investors.
- As firms do not disclosure
most of their expenses, how much of an effect would it have on the
extended fundamental accounting equation? Also, is there a way around it?
- Is it very likely that once
another company or party loses business trust, that they will eventually
be able to regain that trust?
- What type of ratios was created
during Wall's study? With my experience being so limited I can only
picture the very basics, assets, revenue, liabilities and so on.
- The writer advises that he
believes ratios are not very helpful on predicting future performance. But
can we not use ratios to compare how they are doing against rival firms
and where they sit in the industry, together with how much work there is
to go around, as an indicator of future performance?